No denial from here that BPO involving call centers, back office processing, etc., has made a major impact in urban India. Cities like Mumbai, Kolkatta, Bangalore, Delhi, Pune and many others are zooming with the BPO buzz 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Employing millions of Indians and the curve is still on an up trend.
No, I am not heading towards the anti-BPO outcry in US and the implications of those in India. My concern is a bit educational.
Since we have a big business, an entity of the service industry here contributing to the country's GDP, thanks to the huge pool of English speaking graduates who generate revenues by servicing clients in the US, UK and other countries. We also need to look at the other side of the coin where the issues related to this industry needs to be addressed. Young guns easily making 10K+ as salary but have no clue whether they are spending the money rightfully. Are they shaping a career for themselves or simply getting exploited by the inexperienced management team in many BPO organizations? Many managers are simply unable to earn the respect of the title, which they have got not because they deserve it, but simply due to a crazy number pressure game played by the Human Resources team of many BPOs. Today, if the people are not managed with strategy, time is not far where India might lose the competitive edge to another nations. How do we manage and groom this industry and take it to the next level?
Management graduates and aspiring MBAs, you need to look at this question very carefully, as there is an opportunity with a huge responsibility. B-school deans and curriculum developers for all management courses, don't you think its time that our courses should be designed to meet this industry's requirement?
There is a desperate need for good managers to stabilize the middle management in these organizations where they can give a direction to the youth jumping onto the BPO bandwagon, not only to achieve targets of the organization, but also to bring in values and ethical practices. The case study approach is an excellent tool, which if modified keeping the BPO firms in mind, can develop managers of caliber for the future. An excellent pay package involving flexible work hours is a definite attraction.
Some News
The National Association of Software and Service Companies (Nasscom) plans to introduce by this year end a common certification in terms of skills and knowledge, that matches industry requirement for youngsters aspiring to enter the booming BPO industry. Nasscom President Kiran Karnik said the certification, which would be universal across the country, was being planned in consultation with the BPO industry. He said the certification would help both aspirants and industry in terms of quality people, and it would be spread across the country so as to reach talent more widely.
Karnik said another certification, for those currently employed within the BPO sector, was being planned, which would enable them to move up the ladder in handling people. Nasscom was integrating existing certification practices for the BPO industry in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Kerela and make it universal. He urged the media to look the BPO industry beyond call centers, as within the call centers, there were areas, which required more skill and specialization, and Indian firms were proving in this sphere.
Beginning
This May' 04 vCustomer, a US-based provider of offshore business process outsourcing services, call centers and technical support services, has hired 25 graduates from elite business schools across India. Beginning this month, graduates from the Indian Institutes of Management, Xavier's Labour Relations Institute (XLRI), S. P. Jain Institute of Management and Research, Faculty of Management Studies, Delhi; National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE); and the Indian School of Business, Hyderabad, will join the company's operation teams at its facilities in Delhi and Pune.
Are you still thinking?
Contributed by - Sandeep Jain,Pursuing 3-Years Masters in Mktg Mgmt from JBIMS, Mumbai (2004-07),Working as Sr. Executive Trainer at Wipro Spectramind.
Saturday, October 27, 2007
Congrats- Anupan,Paramdeep,Radha & Vivek
We all at INC Jabalpur congratulate the following students for getting selected for IBM Daksh ,Gurgaon as Executive-Operations.
The students have received on the spot offer letters on 26th Oct 07.
Congratulations!!!!!
Anupam Verma
Radha Jethwa
Paramdeep Singh
Vivek Bhalla
We wish all the success in the life.
Placement Team
INC Jabalpur
The students have received on the spot offer letters on 26th Oct 07.
Congratulations!!!!!
Anupam Verma
Radha Jethwa
Paramdeep Singh
Vivek Bhalla
We wish all the success in the life.
Placement Team
INC Jabalpur
The Birth of Stock Exchange
When people talk stocks they are usually talking about companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). It's the big daddy and the big leagues. From a corporate perspective, anyone who's anyone is listed there, and it can be difficult for investors to imagine a time when the NYSE wasn't synonymous with investing. But, of course, it wasn't always this way; there were many steps along the road to our current system of exchange. You may be surprised to learn that the first stock exchange thrived for decades without a single stock actually being traded.In this article we will look at the evolution of stock exchanges, from the Venetian slates, to the British coffeehouses, and finally to the NYSE and its brethren. (To skip the history lesson and jump straight into current events, check out Getting To Know Stock Exchanges.)
The Real Merchants of VeniceThe moneylenders of Europe filled important gaps left by the larger banks. Moneylenders traded debts between each other; a lender looking to unload a high-risk, high-interest loan might exchange it for a different loan with another lender. These lenders also bought government debt issues. As the natural evolution of their business continued, the lenders began to sell debt issues to customers - the first individual investors.In the 1300s, the Venetians were the leaders in the field and the first to start trading the securities from other governments. They would carry slates with information on the various issues for sale and meet with clients, much like a broker does today. (To learn more about the history of moneylending, see The Evolution Of Banking.)The First Stock Exchange - Sans the StockBelgium boasted a stock exchange as far back as 1531, in Antwerp. Brokers and moneylenders would meet there to deal in business, government and even individual debt issues. It is odd to think of a stock exchange that dealt exclusively in promissory notes and bonds, but in the 1500s there were no real stocks. There were many flavors of business-financier partnerships that produced income like stocks do, but there was no official share that changed hands.All Those East India CompaniesIn the 1600s, the Dutch, British, and French governments all gave charters to companies with East India in their names. On the cusp of imperialism's high point, it seems like everyone had a stake in the profits from the East Indies and Asia except the people living there. Sea voyages that brought back goods from the East were extremely risky - on top of Barbary pirates, there were the more common risks of weather and poor navigation.In order to lessen the risk of a lost ship ruining their fortunes, ship owners had long been in the practice of seeking investors who would put up money for the voyage - outfitting the ship and crew in return for a percentage of the proceeds if the voyage was successful. These early limited liability companies often lasted for only a single voyage. They were then dissolved, and a new one was created for the next voyage. Investors spread their risk by investing in several different ventures at the same time, thereby playing the odds against all of them ending in disaster. (For more on how this practice plays out today, see The Importance Of Diversification.)When the East India companies formed, they changed the way business was done. These companies had stocks that would pay dividends on all the proceeds from all the voyages the companies undertook, rather than going voyage by voyage. These were the first modern joint stock companies. This allowed the companies to demand more for their shares and build larger fleets. The size of the companies, combined with royal charters forbidding competition, meant huge profits for investors. A Little Stock With Your Coffee?Because the shares in the various East India companies were issued on paper, investors could sell the papers to other investors. Unfortunately, there was no stock exchange in existence, so the investor would have to track down a broker to carry out a trade. In England, most brokers and investors did their business in the various coffee shops around London. Debt issues and shares for sale were written up and posted on the shops' doors or mailed as a newsletter.The South Seas Bubble BurstsThe British East India Company had one of the biggest competitive advantages in financial history - a government-backed monopoly. When the investors began to receive huge dividends and sell their shares for fortunes, other investors were hungry for a piece of the action. The budding financial boom in England came so quickly that were no rules or regulations for the issuing of shares. The South Seas Company (SSC) emerged with a similar charter from the king and its shares, and the numerous re-issues, sold as soon as they were listed. Before the first ship ever left the harbor, the SSC had used its new-found investor fortune to open posh offices in the best parts of London.Encouraged by the success of the SSC and realizing that the company hadn't done a thing except issue shares, other "businessmen" rushed in to offer new shares in their own ventures. Some of these were as ludicrous as reclaiming the sunshine from vegetables or, better yet, a company promising investors shares in an undertaking of such vast importance that they couldn't be revealed. They all sold. Before we pat ourselves on the back for how far we've come, remember that these blind pools still exist today.Inevitably, the bubble burst when the SSC failed to pay any dividends off its meager profits, highlighting the difference between these new share issues and the British East India Company. The subsequent crash caused the government to outlaw the issuing of shares - the ban held until 1825. (To learn more, see Crashes: The South Sea Bubble.)The New York Stock ExchangeThe first stock exchange in London was officially formed in 1773, a scant 19 years before the New York Stock Exchange. Whereas the London Stock Exchange (LSE) was handcuffed by the law restricting shares, the New York Stock Exchange has dealt in the trading of stocks, for better or worse, since its inception. The NYSE wasn't the first stock exchange in the U.S., however, that honor goes to the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, but it quickly became the most powerful.Formed by brokers under the spreading boughs of a buttonwood tree, the New York Stock Exchange made its home on Wall Street. The exchange's location, more than anything else, led to the dominance that the NYSE quickly attained. It was in the heart of all the business and trade coming to and going from the United States, as well as the domestic base for most banks and large corporations. By setting listing requirements and demanding fees, the New York Stock Exchange became a very wealthy institution.The NYSE faced very little serious domestic competition for the next two centuries. Its international prestige rose in tandem with the burgeoning American economy and it was soon the most important stock exchange in the world. The NYSE had its share of ups and downs during the same period, too. Everything from the Great Depression to the Wall Street bombing of 1920 left scars on the exchange - the 1920 bombing left 38 dead and also left literal scars on many of Wall Street's prominent buildings. The less literal scars on the exchange came in the form of stricter listing and reporting requirements.
FREE REPORT: The Five Things That Move the Currency Market
Year after year, key players in the Forex market make a killing by picking the right currencies – now it’s your turn. Access industry gurus Boris and Kathy’s exclusive FREE report, The Five Things That Move the Currency Market – And How to Profit From Them, right now! On the international scene, London emerged as the major exchange for Europe, but many companies that were able to list internationally still listed in New York. Many other countries including Germany, France, Amsterdam, Switzerland, South Africa, Hong Kong, Japan, Australia and Canada developed their own stock exchanges, but these were largely seen as proving grounds for domestic companies to inhabit until they were ready to make the leap to the LSE and from there to the big leagues of the NYSE. Some of these international exchanges are still seen as dangerous territory because of weak listing rules and less rigid government regulation. (For related reading, check out Broadening The Borders Of Your Portfolio and Why Country Funds Are So Risky.)Despite the existence of stock exchanges in Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and other major centers, the NYSE was the most powerful stock exchange domestically and internationally. In 1971, however, an upstart emerged to challenge the NYSE hegemony.The New Kid on the BlockThe Nasdaq was the brainchild of the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) - now called the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). From its inception, it has been a different type of stock exchange. It does not inhabit a physical space, as with 11 Wall Street. Instead, it is a network of computers that execute trades electronically. The introduction of an electronic exchange made trades more efficient and reduced the bid-ask spread - a spread the NYSE wasn't above profiting from. The competition from Nasdaq has forced the NYSE to evolve, both by listing itself and by merging with Euronext to form the first trans-Atlantic exchange. (To learn more, check out The Tale Of Two Exchanges: NYSE And Nasdaq and The Global Electronic Stock Market.) The Future: World Parity?The NYSE is still the largest and, arguably, most powerful stock exchange in the world. The Nasdaq has more companies listed, but the NYSE has a market capitalization that is larger than Tokyo, London and the Nasdaq combined - and the merger with Euronext will make it larger still. The NYSE, once closely tied to the fortunes of failures of the American economy, is now global. Although the other stock exchanges in the world have grown stronger through mergers and the development of their domestic economies, it is difficult to see how any of them will dislodge the 800-pound gorilla that is the New York Stock Exchange.
The Real Merchants of VeniceThe moneylenders of Europe filled important gaps left by the larger banks. Moneylenders traded debts between each other; a lender looking to unload a high-risk, high-interest loan might exchange it for a different loan with another lender. These lenders also bought government debt issues. As the natural evolution of their business continued, the lenders began to sell debt issues to customers - the first individual investors.In the 1300s, the Venetians were the leaders in the field and the first to start trading the securities from other governments. They would carry slates with information on the various issues for sale and meet with clients, much like a broker does today. (To learn more about the history of moneylending, see The Evolution Of Banking.)The First Stock Exchange - Sans the StockBelgium boasted a stock exchange as far back as 1531, in Antwerp. Brokers and moneylenders would meet there to deal in business, government and even individual debt issues. It is odd to think of a stock exchange that dealt exclusively in promissory notes and bonds, but in the 1500s there were no real stocks. There were many flavors of business-financier partnerships that produced income like stocks do, but there was no official share that changed hands.All Those East India CompaniesIn the 1600s, the Dutch, British, and French governments all gave charters to companies with East India in their names. On the cusp of imperialism's high point, it seems like everyone had a stake in the profits from the East Indies and Asia except the people living there. Sea voyages that brought back goods from the East were extremely risky - on top of Barbary pirates, there were the more common risks of weather and poor navigation.In order to lessen the risk of a lost ship ruining their fortunes, ship owners had long been in the practice of seeking investors who would put up money for the voyage - outfitting the ship and crew in return for a percentage of the proceeds if the voyage was successful. These early limited liability companies often lasted for only a single voyage. They were then dissolved, and a new one was created for the next voyage. Investors spread their risk by investing in several different ventures at the same time, thereby playing the odds against all of them ending in disaster. (For more on how this practice plays out today, see The Importance Of Diversification.)When the East India companies formed, they changed the way business was done. These companies had stocks that would pay dividends on all the proceeds from all the voyages the companies undertook, rather than going voyage by voyage. These were the first modern joint stock companies. This allowed the companies to demand more for their shares and build larger fleets. The size of the companies, combined with royal charters forbidding competition, meant huge profits for investors. A Little Stock With Your Coffee?Because the shares in the various East India companies were issued on paper, investors could sell the papers to other investors. Unfortunately, there was no stock exchange in existence, so the investor would have to track down a broker to carry out a trade. In England, most brokers and investors did their business in the various coffee shops around London. Debt issues and shares for sale were written up and posted on the shops' doors or mailed as a newsletter.The South Seas Bubble BurstsThe British East India Company had one of the biggest competitive advantages in financial history - a government-backed monopoly. When the investors began to receive huge dividends and sell their shares for fortunes, other investors were hungry for a piece of the action. The budding financial boom in England came so quickly that were no rules or regulations for the issuing of shares. The South Seas Company (SSC) emerged with a similar charter from the king and its shares, and the numerous re-issues, sold as soon as they were listed. Before the first ship ever left the harbor, the SSC had used its new-found investor fortune to open posh offices in the best parts of London.Encouraged by the success of the SSC and realizing that the company hadn't done a thing except issue shares, other "businessmen" rushed in to offer new shares in their own ventures. Some of these were as ludicrous as reclaiming the sunshine from vegetables or, better yet, a company promising investors shares in an undertaking of such vast importance that they couldn't be revealed. They all sold. Before we pat ourselves on the back for how far we've come, remember that these blind pools still exist today.Inevitably, the bubble burst when the SSC failed to pay any dividends off its meager profits, highlighting the difference between these new share issues and the British East India Company. The subsequent crash caused the government to outlaw the issuing of shares - the ban held until 1825. (To learn more, see Crashes: The South Sea Bubble.)The New York Stock ExchangeThe first stock exchange in London was officially formed in 1773, a scant 19 years before the New York Stock Exchange. Whereas the London Stock Exchange (LSE) was handcuffed by the law restricting shares, the New York Stock Exchange has dealt in the trading of stocks, for better or worse, since its inception. The NYSE wasn't the first stock exchange in the U.S., however, that honor goes to the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, but it quickly became the most powerful.Formed by brokers under the spreading boughs of a buttonwood tree, the New York Stock Exchange made its home on Wall Street. The exchange's location, more than anything else, led to the dominance that the NYSE quickly attained. It was in the heart of all the business and trade coming to and going from the United States, as well as the domestic base for most banks and large corporations. By setting listing requirements and demanding fees, the New York Stock Exchange became a very wealthy institution.The NYSE faced very little serious domestic competition for the next two centuries. Its international prestige rose in tandem with the burgeoning American economy and it was soon the most important stock exchange in the world. The NYSE had its share of ups and downs during the same period, too. Everything from the Great Depression to the Wall Street bombing of 1920 left scars on the exchange - the 1920 bombing left 38 dead and also left literal scars on many of Wall Street's prominent buildings. The less literal scars on the exchange came in the form of stricter listing and reporting requirements.
FREE REPORT: The Five Things That Move the Currency Market
Year after year, key players in the Forex market make a killing by picking the right currencies – now it’s your turn. Access industry gurus Boris and Kathy’s exclusive FREE report, The Five Things That Move the Currency Market – And How to Profit From Them, right now! On the international scene, London emerged as the major exchange for Europe, but many companies that were able to list internationally still listed in New York. Many other countries including Germany, France, Amsterdam, Switzerland, South Africa, Hong Kong, Japan, Australia and Canada developed their own stock exchanges, but these were largely seen as proving grounds for domestic companies to inhabit until they were ready to make the leap to the LSE and from there to the big leagues of the NYSE. Some of these international exchanges are still seen as dangerous territory because of weak listing rules and less rigid government regulation. (For related reading, check out Broadening The Borders Of Your Portfolio and Why Country Funds Are So Risky.)Despite the existence of stock exchanges in Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and other major centers, the NYSE was the most powerful stock exchange domestically and internationally. In 1971, however, an upstart emerged to challenge the NYSE hegemony.The New Kid on the BlockThe Nasdaq was the brainchild of the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) - now called the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). From its inception, it has been a different type of stock exchange. It does not inhabit a physical space, as with 11 Wall Street. Instead, it is a network of computers that execute trades electronically. The introduction of an electronic exchange made trades more efficient and reduced the bid-ask spread - a spread the NYSE wasn't above profiting from. The competition from Nasdaq has forced the NYSE to evolve, both by listing itself and by merging with Euronext to form the first trans-Atlantic exchange. (To learn more, check out The Tale Of Two Exchanges: NYSE And Nasdaq and The Global Electronic Stock Market.) The Future: World Parity?The NYSE is still the largest and, arguably, most powerful stock exchange in the world. The Nasdaq has more companies listed, but the NYSE has a market capitalization that is larger than Tokyo, London and the Nasdaq combined - and the merger with Euronext will make it larger still. The NYSE, once closely tied to the fortunes of failures of the American economy, is now global. Although the other stock exchanges in the world have grown stronger through mergers and the development of their domestic economies, it is difficult to see how any of them will dislodge the 800-pound gorilla that is the New York Stock Exchange.
Wednesday, October 24, 2007
FAQs on Options
Q. What is the difference between a stock option plan and stock purchase plan?
A. A stock option gives an employee the right to purchase stock at a predetermined price, regardless of the fair market value of the stock. A stock purchase option, available through an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, gives an employee the right to purchase company stock, sometimes at a predetermined discount from the fair market price. Although the plans are similar, they are not the same.
Both kinds of plans can be either qualified for special tax treatment or unqualified. Both can be of great benefit to employees. Both can be offered to an exclusive group of participants as in the case of non-qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plans, or to all full-time employees under qualified plans.
Q. Do stock options expire?
A. Stock options do expire. The expiration period varies from plan to plan. Track your options' exercise periods and expiration dates very closely because once your options expire, they are worthless. There are often special rules for terminated and retired employees, and employees who have died. These life events may accelerate the expiration. Check your plan rules for details about expiration dates.
Q. How does vesting affect when I can exercise my options?
A. Your plan may have a vesting period that affects the time you have to exercise your options. A vesting period is time during the term of the option grant that you have to wait until you are allowed to exercise your options.
Here's an example: If the term of your option grant is 10 years, and your vesting period is two years, you may begin exercising your vested options as of the second anniversary date of the option grant. This essentially means you have an eight-year time frame during which you can exercise your options. This is called the exercise period.
Generally, during the exercise period, you can decide how many options to exercise at a time and when to exercise them.
Q. Is a stock option the same thing as a share of the issuer's stock?
A. No. A stock option just gives you the right to purchase the underlying shares represented by the option for a future period of time at a pre-established price.
Q. Can I use an option more than once?
A. No. Once a stock option has been exercised, it cannot be used again.
Q. Do options pay dividends?
A. No. Dividends are not paid on unexercised stock options.
Q. What happens to my stock options if I leave my employer?
A. There are usually special rules in the event you leave your employer, retire, or die. See your employer's plan rules for details.
Q. What is the fair market value of an option?
A. The fair market value is the price used for calculating your taxable gain and withholding taxes for non-qualified stock options (NSO) or the alternative minimum tax for Incentive Stock Options (ISO). The Fair Market Value is defined by your company's plan.
Q. What are blackout dates and when are they used?
A. Blackout dates are periods with restrictions on exercising stock options. Blackout dates often coincide with the company's fiscal year-end, dividend schedules, and calendar year-end. For more information on your plan's blackout dates (if any), see the company's plan rules.
Q. I just executed an exercise and sell of my stock options, when does the trade settle?
A. Your stock option exercise will settle in three business days. The proceeds (less option cost, brokerage commissions and fees and taxes) will be automatically deposited in your Fidelity Account.
Q. How do I get the proceeds of my stock option sale?
A. Proceeds from stock option sales are automatically deposited in your Fidelity Account. Once the exercise has settled (typically 3 business days), you can either reinvest the proceeds in another security or mutual fund using Fidelity's online trading capabilities or by writing a check from your Fidelity Account.
Q. How do I use the Fidelity Account?
A. Think of your Fidelity Account as an all in one brokerage account offering cash management services, planning and guidance tools, online trading, and a wide range of investments like stock, bonds and mutual funds. Use your Fidelity Account as a gateway to investment products and services that can help meet your needs. Learn more.
Frequently Asked Questions About Taxes
Q. Are there tax implications when stock options are exercised?
A. Yes, there are tax implications – and they can be significant. Exercising stock options is a sophisticated and sometimes complicated transaction. Before you consider exercising your stock options, be sure to consult a tax advisor.
Q. Last year, I exercised some non-qualified employee stock options in an exercise-and-sell transaction (a "cashless exercise"). Why are the results of this transaction reflected both on my W-2 and on a Form 1099-B?
A. Fidelity works to make your exercise-and-sell transaction simple and seamless for you, so it appears to you to be a single transaction. For federal income tax purposes however, an exercise-and-sell transaction (cashless exercise) of non-qualified employee stock options is treated as two separate transactions: an exercise and a sale.
The first transaction is the exercise of your employee stock options, in which the spread (the difference between your grant price and the fair market value of the shares at the time of exercise) is treated as ordinary compensation income. It is included on your Form W-2 you receive from your employer. The fair market value of the shares acquired is determined under your plan rules. It is usually the price of the stock at the prior day's market close.
The second transaction – the sale of the shares just acquired – is treated as a separate transaction. This sale transaction must be reported by your broker on Form 1099-B, and is reported on Schedule D of your federal income tax return.
The Form 1099-B reports the gross sales proceeds, not an amount of net income; you will not be required to pay tax twice on this amount. Your tax basis of the shares acquired in the exercise is equal to the fair market value of the shares minus the amount you paid for the shares (the grant price) plus the amount treated as ordinary income (the spread). In an exercise-and-sell transaction therefore, your tax basis will ordinarily be equal to, or close to, the sale price in the sale transaction.
As a result, you would not ordinarily report only minimal gain or loss, if any, on the sales step in this transaction (although commissions paid on the sale would reduce the sales proceeds reported on Schedule D, which would by itself result in a short-term capital loss equal to the commission paid).
An exercise-and-hold transaction of non-qualified employee stock options includes only the exercise part of those two transactions, and does not involve a Form 1099-B.
You should note that state and local tax treatment of these transactions may vary, and that the tax treatment of incentive stock options ("ISOs") follows different rules. You are urged to consult your own tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of your stock option exercises.
Q. What is a disqualifying disposition?
A. A disqualifying disposition occurs when you sell shares prior to the specified waiting period, which has tax implications. Disqualifying dispositions apply to Incentive Stock Options and Qualified Stock Purchase Plans. For more information, contact your tax advisor.
Q. What is the alternative minimum tax (AMT)?
A. The Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) is a tax system which complements the federal income tax system. The goal of the AMT is to ensure that anyone who benefits from certain tax advantages will pay at least a minimum amount of tax. For more information about how the AMT may affect your situation, contact your tax advisor.
Q. How do I pay the taxes when I initiate an exercise-and-sell transaction?
A. The taxes owed on the gain (fair market value at the time you sell, less the grant price), minus brokerage commissions and applicable fees from an exercise-and-sell transaction are deducted from the proceeds of the stock sale. Your employer provides tax-withholding rates. See Exercising Stock Options for more information. You may want to contact your tax advisor for information specific to situation.
Q. How do I sell shares in my account that are not part of my option plan?
A. Log in to your account, and select the following:
Accounts & Trade tab
Portfolio
Select Action drop-down
Choose Trade Stocks
Q. How do I view the different share lots in my Fidelity Account?
A. After logging on to your account, select Positions from the drop-down menu. From this screen, click Cost Basis in middle tab and select View Lots from positions where multiple share lots exist.
Share lots highlighted in blue indicate shares that if sold, may create tax implications and are subject to disqualifying dispositions.
Q. How can I determine what the tax implication may be if I sold my shares?
A. Under Select Action - positions/cost basis, Fidelity displays in blue the gain/loss for the specific lot. After clicking on the lot, the following message may appear:
Your reported sales transactions include one or more sales of shares you acquired through an equity compensation plan that are disqualified dispositions for tax purposes, gain from which may be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gain.
Q. How do I select a specific share lot when selling company stock?
A. After logging in to your account, select Trade Stock from the drop-down menu. From this screen select the account number you would like to sell your shares of stock.
Enter the number of shares, symbol, and price, and click on Specific Share Trading.
Enter the specific lots you want to sell and the priority they will be sold.
Select Continue, Verify Your Order, and select Place Order.
If you hold lots that may give rise to a "disqualifying disposition" (see above), you should carefully consider the tax consequences of your lot specification.
A. A stock option gives an employee the right to purchase stock at a predetermined price, regardless of the fair market value of the stock. A stock purchase option, available through an Employee Stock Purchase Plan, gives an employee the right to purchase company stock, sometimes at a predetermined discount from the fair market price. Although the plans are similar, they are not the same.
Both kinds of plans can be either qualified for special tax treatment or unqualified. Both can be of great benefit to employees. Both can be offered to an exclusive group of participants as in the case of non-qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plans, or to all full-time employees under qualified plans.
Q. Do stock options expire?
A. Stock options do expire. The expiration period varies from plan to plan. Track your options' exercise periods and expiration dates very closely because once your options expire, they are worthless. There are often special rules for terminated and retired employees, and employees who have died. These life events may accelerate the expiration. Check your plan rules for details about expiration dates.
Q. How does vesting affect when I can exercise my options?
A. Your plan may have a vesting period that affects the time you have to exercise your options. A vesting period is time during the term of the option grant that you have to wait until you are allowed to exercise your options.
Here's an example: If the term of your option grant is 10 years, and your vesting period is two years, you may begin exercising your vested options as of the second anniversary date of the option grant. This essentially means you have an eight-year time frame during which you can exercise your options. This is called the exercise period.
Generally, during the exercise period, you can decide how many options to exercise at a time and when to exercise them.
Q. Is a stock option the same thing as a share of the issuer's stock?
A. No. A stock option just gives you the right to purchase the underlying shares represented by the option for a future period of time at a pre-established price.
Q. Can I use an option more than once?
A. No. Once a stock option has been exercised, it cannot be used again.
Q. Do options pay dividends?
A. No. Dividends are not paid on unexercised stock options.
Q. What happens to my stock options if I leave my employer?
A. There are usually special rules in the event you leave your employer, retire, or die. See your employer's plan rules for details.
Q. What is the fair market value of an option?
A. The fair market value is the price used for calculating your taxable gain and withholding taxes for non-qualified stock options (NSO) or the alternative minimum tax for Incentive Stock Options (ISO). The Fair Market Value is defined by your company's plan.
Q. What are blackout dates and when are they used?
A. Blackout dates are periods with restrictions on exercising stock options. Blackout dates often coincide with the company's fiscal year-end, dividend schedules, and calendar year-end. For more information on your plan's blackout dates (if any), see the company's plan rules.
Q. I just executed an exercise and sell of my stock options, when does the trade settle?
A. Your stock option exercise will settle in three business days. The proceeds (less option cost, brokerage commissions and fees and taxes) will be automatically deposited in your Fidelity Account.
Q. How do I get the proceeds of my stock option sale?
A. Proceeds from stock option sales are automatically deposited in your Fidelity Account. Once the exercise has settled (typically 3 business days), you can either reinvest the proceeds in another security or mutual fund using Fidelity's online trading capabilities or by writing a check from your Fidelity Account.
Q. How do I use the Fidelity Account?
A. Think of your Fidelity Account as an all in one brokerage account offering cash management services, planning and guidance tools, online trading, and a wide range of investments like stock, bonds and mutual funds. Use your Fidelity Account as a gateway to investment products and services that can help meet your needs. Learn more.
Frequently Asked Questions About Taxes
Q. Are there tax implications when stock options are exercised?
A. Yes, there are tax implications – and they can be significant. Exercising stock options is a sophisticated and sometimes complicated transaction. Before you consider exercising your stock options, be sure to consult a tax advisor.
Q. Last year, I exercised some non-qualified employee stock options in an exercise-and-sell transaction (a "cashless exercise"). Why are the results of this transaction reflected both on my W-2 and on a Form 1099-B?
A. Fidelity works to make your exercise-and-sell transaction simple and seamless for you, so it appears to you to be a single transaction. For federal income tax purposes however, an exercise-and-sell transaction (cashless exercise) of non-qualified employee stock options is treated as two separate transactions: an exercise and a sale.
The first transaction is the exercise of your employee stock options, in which the spread (the difference between your grant price and the fair market value of the shares at the time of exercise) is treated as ordinary compensation income. It is included on your Form W-2 you receive from your employer. The fair market value of the shares acquired is determined under your plan rules. It is usually the price of the stock at the prior day's market close.
The second transaction – the sale of the shares just acquired – is treated as a separate transaction. This sale transaction must be reported by your broker on Form 1099-B, and is reported on Schedule D of your federal income tax return.
The Form 1099-B reports the gross sales proceeds, not an amount of net income; you will not be required to pay tax twice on this amount. Your tax basis of the shares acquired in the exercise is equal to the fair market value of the shares minus the amount you paid for the shares (the grant price) plus the amount treated as ordinary income (the spread). In an exercise-and-sell transaction therefore, your tax basis will ordinarily be equal to, or close to, the sale price in the sale transaction.
As a result, you would not ordinarily report only minimal gain or loss, if any, on the sales step in this transaction (although commissions paid on the sale would reduce the sales proceeds reported on Schedule D, which would by itself result in a short-term capital loss equal to the commission paid).
An exercise-and-hold transaction of non-qualified employee stock options includes only the exercise part of those two transactions, and does not involve a Form 1099-B.
You should note that state and local tax treatment of these transactions may vary, and that the tax treatment of incentive stock options ("ISOs") follows different rules. You are urged to consult your own tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of your stock option exercises.
Q. What is a disqualifying disposition?
A. A disqualifying disposition occurs when you sell shares prior to the specified waiting period, which has tax implications. Disqualifying dispositions apply to Incentive Stock Options and Qualified Stock Purchase Plans. For more information, contact your tax advisor.
Q. What is the alternative minimum tax (AMT)?
A. The Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) is a tax system which complements the federal income tax system. The goal of the AMT is to ensure that anyone who benefits from certain tax advantages will pay at least a minimum amount of tax. For more information about how the AMT may affect your situation, contact your tax advisor.
Q. How do I pay the taxes when I initiate an exercise-and-sell transaction?
A. The taxes owed on the gain (fair market value at the time you sell, less the grant price), minus brokerage commissions and applicable fees from an exercise-and-sell transaction are deducted from the proceeds of the stock sale. Your employer provides tax-withholding rates. See Exercising Stock Options for more information. You may want to contact your tax advisor for information specific to situation.
Q. How do I sell shares in my account that are not part of my option plan?
A. Log in to your account, and select the following:
Accounts & Trade tab
Portfolio
Select Action drop-down
Choose Trade Stocks
Q. How do I view the different share lots in my Fidelity Account?
A. After logging on to your account, select Positions from the drop-down menu. From this screen, click Cost Basis in middle tab and select View Lots from positions where multiple share lots exist.
Share lots highlighted in blue indicate shares that if sold, may create tax implications and are subject to disqualifying dispositions.
Q. How can I determine what the tax implication may be if I sold my shares?
A. Under Select Action - positions/cost basis, Fidelity displays in blue the gain/loss for the specific lot. After clicking on the lot, the following message may appear:
Your reported sales transactions include one or more sales of shares you acquired through an equity compensation plan that are disqualified dispositions for tax purposes, gain from which may be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gain.
Q. How do I select a specific share lot when selling company stock?
A. After logging in to your account, select Trade Stock from the drop-down menu. From this screen select the account number you would like to sell your shares of stock.
Enter the number of shares, symbol, and price, and click on Specific Share Trading.
Enter the specific lots you want to sell and the priority they will be sold.
Select Continue, Verify Your Order, and select Place Order.
If you hold lots that may give rise to a "disqualifying disposition" (see above), you should carefully consider the tax consequences of your lot specification.
Monday, October 22, 2007
Recent Sensex Analysis
IPOs: 'Long-term' holds true! MYSTOCKS FREE NEWSLETTER
With the foreign investors injecting hundreds of billions of dollars into the Indian markets, the benchmark indices had been left with no time to even catch up their breath during the marathon run on the bourses over the past few weeks. While making new records are the order of the day and invariably catch the fancy of the pink papers, retail investors are left wondering whether they have missed the bus or are losing out by not riding on the short-term momentum.
Among the many records created by the Indian stock markets during the year so far, the lead contributors were the Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). It was a record as the Indian capital markets saw over Rs 250 bn being raised from the primary market, the highest ever. This achievement gets further magnified when compared to the fact that this amount was almost 11 times higher than that of 2003 (Rs 22 bn) and just a tad lower to the near Rs 320 bn raised by IPOs in the period 1995-2003 i.e. 9 years!
With the markets having been in a jubilant mood since the last couple of months, one of the key reasons why the IPO activity has heightened significantly in recent times is the investors' anticipation of short-term supernormal returns in IPOs. It must be noted that during such times, an unlisted company is not only able to realise a good valuation for its offering but would also be rather sure that its issue would be 'over-subscribed' considering the high appetite amongst investors - both domestic and foreign - to invest in equities. However, what is more pertinent to keep in mind is that stocks with strong fundamentals have the potential to deliver superior returns over a longer time frame as compared to the listing gains.
We have so far been advising investors to invest with a long term and stock specific approach and stick to the fundamentals irrespective of the shot term sanguinity or mayhem. This principle applies to primary market issuances (IPOs) as much as it does to the secondary market. And, if one is to judge the two-year performance of the IPOs of 2005, it only manifests our view!
With the foreign investors injecting hundreds of billions of dollars into the Indian markets, the benchmark indices had been left with no time to even catch up their breath during the marathon run on the bourses over the past few weeks. While making new records are the order of the day and invariably catch the fancy of the pink papers, retail investors are left wondering whether they have missed the bus or are losing out by not riding on the short-term momentum.
Among the many records created by the Indian stock markets during the year so far, the lead contributors were the Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). It was a record as the Indian capital markets saw over Rs 250 bn being raised from the primary market, the highest ever. This achievement gets further magnified when compared to the fact that this amount was almost 11 times higher than that of 2003 (Rs 22 bn) and just a tad lower to the near Rs 320 bn raised by IPOs in the period 1995-2003 i.e. 9 years!
With the markets having been in a jubilant mood since the last couple of months, one of the key reasons why the IPO activity has heightened significantly in recent times is the investors' anticipation of short-term supernormal returns in IPOs. It must be noted that during such times, an unlisted company is not only able to realise a good valuation for its offering but would also be rather sure that its issue would be 'over-subscribed' considering the high appetite amongst investors - both domestic and foreign - to invest in equities. However, what is more pertinent to keep in mind is that stocks with strong fundamentals have the potential to deliver superior returns over a longer time frame as compared to the listing gains.
We have so far been advising investors to invest with a long term and stock specific approach and stick to the fundamentals irrespective of the shot term sanguinity or mayhem. This principle applies to primary market issuances (IPOs) as much as it does to the secondary market. And, if one is to judge the two-year performance of the IPOs of 2005, it only manifests our view!
Prices adjusted for bonus, stock split, mergersPrices as on 13th October 2007
Thus, all the factors that are considered while investing in an already listed company would be applicable while choosing to invest in an IPO. In fact, much more caution is advised in IPOs considering the fact that most of them do not provide their financial history beyond what is made mandatory by the regulators. And as such, investors must do their homework and bear in mind certain key parameters while investing in an IPO.
To conclude, while an investor would always get lured by the astounding returns IPOs have offered in the recent past, our stand is to invest in an IPO only if the business model, prospects and valuations justify the price, and not just because it is an 'IPO'. It is apt to bring out at this point what the legendary investor, Warren Buffet, believes, "...we miss a lot of very big winners but it also means we have very few big losers.... We are perfectly willing to trade away a 'big' payoff for a 'certain' payoff."
SEBI and RBI: Wishing and hoping MYSTOCKS FREE NEWSLETTER
Money that has flowed into the Indian stock markets over the last few months, and more particularly over the last few weeks has origins which India as a nation has neither any clue about nor any control on. But, at the same time, the Reserve Bank of India has had to scramble around in the forex markets to keep the Rupee from wildly appreciating thanks to these huge inflows. On the flip side, it added to the domestic money supply that spurs inflationary tendencies (look at the Consumer Price Index if not the cost of fruits and veggies in the open markets). To stem inflation, domestic interest rates had to be higher which is slowly strangling the domestic economy. While all this is happening in India, the original anonymous operator is sitting pretty overseas getting fatter margins as his call on the currency is further validated by the Rupee strengthening.
The SEBI discussion paper on Offshore Derivate Instruments (ODI, also popularly called participatory notes or its diminutive ‘p-notes’) is yet another committee making its recommendations on a subject on which others have been doggedly asking for some sense to prevail. The Reserve Bank of India and the R. H. Patil Committee among many others have been open in their uneasiness about the flow of money into India that cannot be traced back to particular firms or individuals.
The numbers are mind-boggling
§ Among the 1,056 (as on July 2007) Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) registered with the SEBI, just a handful few, 34 FIIs/sub accounts to be exact, have issued these p-notes.
Notional value of p-notes outstanding as a percent of Assets Under Custody (AUC) has more than doubled from 20% in March 2004 to 52% by August 2007 - Of the total AUC of all the registered FIIs that numbers US$ 172 bn (marked to market), about 52% or US$ 89 bn has flowed in through the p-note route as of August 2007.
§ Almost 30% of the total p-notes issued (US$ 30 bn) are derivatives based.
The SEBI paper has asked the Ministry of Finance to:
Ban derivative-based p-notes completely while giving eighteen months to wind down existing issuance.
§ Has asked it to disallow FIIs from issuing p-notes through sub accounts with immediate effect.
§ FIIs, whose p-note issuance has already exceeded 40% of their AUC, should stop issuing p-notes of all kinds altogether. Those who are yet to reach the 40% limit can issue p-notes only up to 5% of their incremental assets.
Impact on the economyThe RBI has purchased US$ 12 bn of inflows in the five weeks beginning September 2007. This added Rs 4,818 bn or 14% to the money supply. Since then, the total FII purchases in the stock markets have released another Rs 215 bn into the Indian system. With a majority of the inflows coming in through the p-note route, if the recommendations are taken seriously, we should see FII inflows reducing to levels manageable for the economy.
Frankly speaking India’s image will not tarnish if the punters are kept away. If anything, the kudos that the RBI has won for its monetary policy from the MD of the International Monetary Fund, Mr. Rodrigo de Rato, will be spread to the Ministry of Finance too. The loss of face in diplomatic circles thanks to the nuclear deal fiasco of the UPA government will be glossed over by its tough and correct economic stance if it flows these recommendations. And we see no party opposing these. With retail participation in the Indian stock markets at an all time low of 10% of market capitalization (as at the end of June 2007), any re-rating following the flight of the p-note money will at least allow Indians to participate in their own country’s rags to riches story.
The most visible and immediate impact will be on the exchange rate. We have always maintained that with a yawning current account deficit of 2% of GDP, the Indian Rupee is not intrinsically strong yet. We hold on to our existing view of 7% to 8% depreciation in the Rupee’s value from here onwards especially as the crude oil prices keep testing the skies. The impact on money supply and interest rates will be more gradual and should take at least six months to filter through. There will be further increase in the pressure on domestic petroleum product prices with crude oil imports becoming a tad more expensive.
What to expect?Well, you would have been an underperformer since the Sensex took off from 13,800 till its journey to 19,000, if you have not been into the Reliance pack of stocks. These stocks, which have accounted for nearly 23% of the total turnover in the last 7 trading days, seem to have evoked much interest owing to some sudden reasons (which experts give) like “being undervalued", "unlocking value" and "having tremendous growth potenial." Well, all that is fine. But what makes a stock from an old economy sector like power deliver almost 4 times in a span of less than 3 months? The company is merely “talking” about its 10-year plans and people have sort of factored in everything to be executed successfully!
Anyways, moving on from the "R" sector to some of the other ones like pharma, technology and hospitality, which have not really performed during this period, largely due to one micro factor that impacts their financial performance – the Rupee’s appreciation against the US dollar. Nothing else seems to have changed for companies from these sectors. For technology, it is not really the rupee’s appreciation against the US dollar but the pace of it is what seems to have unnerved investors.
As a matter of fact, the rupee appreciated from Rs 49 to a dollar in 2002 to Rs 43 to a dollar in 2006 but that appreciation was much more anticipated and companies were prepared to deal with it. But the appreciation from Rs 43 to Rs under Rs 40 has been faster than anticipated. Apart from this, nothing much has changed for these companies in terms of business fundamentals – volumes continue to rise and pricing environment remains stable with an upward bias. There seems to be no reason for investors to worry about the performance of these companies over a 3 to 5 years period and we remain positive on their stock performance for a similar time frame.
As for the pharma sector, we believe that the pressure on the governments across the world to reduce healthcare costs, the rise in the aged population in the developed markets and the increase in the number of drugs going off patent are the cornerstones of the India generics story. Pricing pressure due to rising competition is expected to continue and we believe that this concern has already been factored in the stock prices.
Some other sectors where we maintain our long-term positive stance are hospitality and FMCG, where increased consumption and higher levels of discretionary spending will aid the growth process. We, however, remain concerned on valuations of stocks from sectors like power, realty and capital goods. Though we like selective stocks from each of these sectors, the overall view is that of caution.
On an overall basis, what you, as an investor, can do is take this market volatility as a way to build a long-term portfolio of solid companies with credible managements. Try not following a herd mentality into buying anything that others are 'relying' on. Rather make your choice by way of doing your own groundwork, follow the same with conviction and discipline, and leave aside greed and fear. There is probably no other way of generating wealth from stock market investing. In the meanwhile, we shall continue to wonder if we are getting too arrogant about the sustainability of the 'India story'!
Markets: So far, eventful indeed! MYSTOCKS FREE NEWSLETTER
Markets so far have been subject to a number of events that have had a telling impact (both positive and negative). The latest in chronology is the SEBI's proposed restriction on the issue of fresh participatory notes (P Notes) by FIIs. Both domestic and international events have influenced the movement of the stockmarket. In this article, we shall recapitulate the major events this year, which have impacted the Indian stockmarket to a considerable degree.
Global events...Subprime crisis: This was perhaps the biggest event that marred both the international and the domestic stockmarkets. Most of the world's well-known financial giants like Bear Sterns, Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch created complex derivatives based on sub prime loans, which were marked to market and sold. The crisis arose when defaults on these sub prime loans surfaced having a dampening effect on other forms of credit as well. While big hedge funds such as Bear Stearns amongst others had to report bankruptcy, global banks were not spared either and the largest of the lot i.e. Citigroup reported a massive 60% drop in its third quarter earnings for the year. UBS was also at the receiving end and ended up posting losses. Since complex financial instruments were created around these sub prime loans, valuing the same proved to be a difficult task, as a result of which the extent of the crisis could not be gauged.
While the India does not have a significant exposure to the mortgage market and thus is relatively insulated in that sense from the developed markets, the subprime rout nevertheless had a huge impact on the Indian stockmarket. This can be largely attributed to one word - FIIs. The sub-prime crisis saw the FIIs book profits on the Indian stock markets to pare their losses in the other global markets, thus highlighting the vulnerability of India to external shocks.
Fed rate cut: A fallout of the subprime crisis, the Fed chief Ben Bernanke announced a 50 basis points cut in the Fed rate. The rate cut, being more than what the markets expected, spearheaded a rally in the US, European and Asian markets and India was part of the action too. For India, what the fed rate cut meant was that with the RBI not lowering the interest rates in India, the interest rate differential between India and the US increased. This sparked a renewed interest by the FIIs into India and led them to pump in money to the tune of US$ 7.2 bn since the rate cut was announced on September 18. The fact that the Indian economy has been chugging along at a robust pace has also been the icing on the cake.
Domestic events...CRR hike: In a move to contain inflation, the RBI undertook raising the cash reserve ratio (CRR) twice during the year. The first was in Feb 2007 wherein the RBI increased the CRR by 50 basis points to 6%. The next was in April 2007 when the RBI raised the CRR by another 50 basis points to 6.5%, which was made effective in two tranches. Besides this, it also raised the 'repo' rate from 7.5% to 7.75%. The move behind the same was to curb the excess liquidity in the banking system to check inflation. Now with liquidity once again flooding the Indian markets, the possibility of the RBI once again resorting to a hike in the CRR cannot be ruled out.
Sharp rupee appreciation: The surge in FII inflows and the not so active intervening by the RBI in the forex market (to curb liquidity and thereby inflation) has had a scathing impact on the exchange rate causing the rupee to appreciate by around 7% against the dollar this year. No surprises for guessing that the major sectors at the receiving end have been the software, textile and pharma sectors. FII inflows showed no signs of abating this year and the recent move by the US Fed to cut interest rates have further fuelled inflows into the country largely due to the robust growth in the Indian economy and the widening differential between the Indian and the US interest rates. The fact that the dollar has weakened against the major global currencies has also contributed to the appreciation of the rupee.
While the RBI has come out with guidelines encouraging investments abroad, this move may not be that effective given the strong pace in the growth of the Indian economy and the attractive interest rate scenario.
To sum up... While there is general euphoria in the markets with the Sensex reaching 19,000, what needs to be noted is that valuations at the current levels appear stretched. Investors need to ensure that they do not get carried away by the hype and hoopla surrounding the various milestones reached by the Sensex. What's more, these times of all times, will test the mettle of the investors who will have to exercise considerable discipline in researching and investing in stocks, which have good managements, earnings visibility and are available at reasonable prices.
Concerns at 19k MYSTOCKS FREE NEWSLETTER
The markets are hitting new highs everyday. Strong GDP growth, stronger rupee, and lower inflation numbers are some of the positive factors that have supported this momentum. But the question is, will this euphoria last forever? There are the negatives that could hamper the upward journey.
Political Instability: This is one of the prime concerns. Politics is the art of the impossible, and even more so, figuring the impact of politics on the stock market. Political instability creates doubts in the minds of the foreign investors and may lead to the fall in the markets. Though the recent concerns over mid-term polls has not led to the stock market correction, cautiousness on this front is needed. The present political imbroglio over Indo-US civil nuclear cooperation deal presents a big event risk. History suggests that in this kind of situation Indian markets have reacted sharply.
Huge inflow- RBI stand: Capital inflows have increased dramatically over the past few weeks. During the fortnight ended September 28, foreign exchange (FX) reserves increased by US$ 15.6 bn. 12-month trailing capital inflows as of September 2007 increased to an all-time high of US$ 75 to 80 bn as compared with US$ 27 bn during the 12 months ended September 2006. The key driver of the recent rise in capital inflows has been foreign loans and portfolio equity inflows. This
has led to the intervening of the RBI to prevent sharp appreciation in the rupee and in the money market to ensure that short-term interest rates do not decline.
US economy: The US economy is facing the pressure of the credit and mortgage sectors. Though the Fed has reduced the interest rates, negative impact on the long term on credit crisis still exist. The temporary cure would further aggravate it, leading to inflationary pressures. With US being a major source of exports from India, this may create problems for our economy. Also, the risk of a reversal in capital inflows due to risk aversion to recent problems in the credit markets in the US and Europe may cause a fall.
Crude prices: The crude prices have gone up by 34% YoY. India imports around 75% of its crude requirements. With higher crude prices, the trade balance would get affected. Also, it would cause inflationary pressure across all products and services, which could slacken the demand growth pace.
Input pressure: Though the data released every Friday on inflation shows a decline in inflation on YoY basis, the real picture faced in routine life is harsh. Not only crude but also the other raw materials have become expensive. As per ASSOCHAM's recent report, prices of major commodities have shown maximum price fluctuations to the extent of 23% to 25% over the last one year. Not only the consumers but also the companies are facing the brunt of higher input prices, which would affect their operating margins. While, headline inflation is at 4%, core inflation is at 4.8%. Although both core and headline inflation is within the RBI's comfort zone of 5%, the recent rise in oil and foodstuff prices has raised concerns.
Trade deficit: India's April-August 2007 trade deficit climbed to US$ 32.5 bn, 63.3% higher than that of US$ 19.9 bn last year led by stronger rupee and higher crude prices. The widening trade deficit would also pressurise the current account deficit. Further, as per the RBI, the shortfall in the current account was US$ 4.7 bn in the three months ended June 30 2007, as compared with a surplus of US$ 2.6 bn in the previous quarter. The rising rupee would hurt export-oriented industries and their competitiveness and any slowdown in these industries may affect overall growth outlook.
Higher valuations: After the recent fall in the global markets due to the sub-prime crisis, India has been one of the few emerging markets to see strong rise in the sensex. On a trailing 12 month basis, while Shangai A share is 54.66, Sensex is 25.47 as compared to Russia's RTS index value of 13.49 and Thailand's 17.99. The valuations are on the higher side ignoring factors like relatively lower IIP growth, high crude oil prices and the continued political clash on Indo-US nuclear treaty and stretched valuations.
To conclude...While we continue to remain bullish on long-term growth prospects of the economy, we believe that valuations become little stretched at this point and markets are running ahead of fundamentals. With valuations taking a backseat in this mad rush of capital inflow, we advise investors to concentrate on the fundamental aspect and not get carried away by the one-way movements in the indices.
Of P-Notes and Bird Hits MYSTOCKS FREE NEWSLETTER
While all the media is playing up the hype of the recent surge in the Index from 18k to 19k, a step back indicates that:
1. Every 1,000 point is now a LOWER percentage number, so should be easier to achieve. An Index moving from 1,000 to 2,000 is a 1,000 point move but, more importantly, is a 100% move! While a move from 18,000 to 19,000 is also a 1,000 point move, it depicts an increase of 4.3 % (see the Table below).
BSE-30 Index
Date
Days
Points
%
Gain per day, points
Gain per day %
13,989
21-Aug
-
-
-
-
-
15,121
30-Aug
7
1,132
8.1%
162
1.2%
16,322
19-Sep
14
1,201
7.9%
86
0.6%
17,150
27-Sep
6
828
5.1%
138
0.8%
18,280
9-Oct
7
1,130
6.6%
161
0.9%
19,058
15-Oct
4
778
4.3%
195
1.1%
2.
3. The pace of this 1,000 point move to the 19k levels in 4 days sounds impressive (indeed it is the second strongest!) but, on further analysis the move from 14,000 to 15,000 was not only more in terms of the percentage gain ( 8.1 %) but was also a stronger move. See the column on the extreme right that indicates the average % change per day.
Index levels, needless to say, are representative of a basket of stocks and your portfolio may or may not have moved with the same intensity. The Index is a number, don't break your head over it. But do analyse the underlying valuations of the companies that comprise the Index - and of the companies outside the Index. (click here for our Research Reports).
So, while the Finance Minister and SEBI are now worried about the monster they have helped create due to their willingness to allow short-term flows via P-Notes, sit back and enjoy the ride.
Of course, you may need to fasten your seat belts.
Really tight.If the entire Australian cricket team and the remnants of a ramshackle Indian team was brought down to Nagpur airport by a bird-hit, imagine what could happen if those P-Note owners took a break and stopped buying India for one day.
Ouch....
Volatility reigns… MYSTOCKS FREE NEWSLETTER
Markets movements during the week ended 12th October 2007 were marked by significant volatility as curt crashes and swift recoveries became the order of the week. Although bears made their presence felt during the week, with indices closing in the red for two out of five trading sessions, the bulls were not complaining as the domestic indices closed the week with gains of around 4%.
The week began on a negative note with the BSE Sensex losing more than 300 points on Monday after opening with a positive gap of 129 points. The sell-off was led by metal and power stocks as the BSE Metal Index shed more than 4% for the day. However, the bulls were back with a vengeance on Tuesday, as the Sensex closed the day with its biggest-ever single day gain – up 789 points from its previous close. Markets continued their northbound journey in the next two trading sessions with BSE Sensex gaining 378 and 151 points on Wednesday and Thursday respectively. Bears made a comeback on Friday, with the BSE Sensex losing close to 400 points. On the sectoral indices front, the BSE Capital Goods Index and the BSE Bankex (each down 2.7%) emerged as the key losers. For the week, while BSE Sensex advanced by 3.6%, NSE Nifty closed with gains of 4.7%.
On the institutional activity front, between 5th and 10th October, while FIIs emerged as net buyers to the tune of Rs 77 bn, mutual funds sold equities worth Rs 13 bn.
(Rs m)
MFs
FIIs
Total
5-Oct
(2,749)
5,750
3,001
8-Oct
(3,312)
34,199
30,887
9-Oct
(3,409)
19,511
16,102
10-Oct
(3,549)
17,479
13,930
Total
(13,019)
76,939
63,920
On the sectoral indices front, the BSE Metal Index and the BSE Oil & Gas Index featured among the key gainers with gains of 5.1% and 4.6% respectively, while the BSE Infotech Index lost 1.1%.
Index
As on October 5
As on October 12
% Change
BSE IT
4,740
4,688
-1.1%
BSE SMLCAP
9,102
9,099
0.0%
BSE OIL AND GAS
10,110
10,576
4.6%
BSE HEALTHCARE
3,826
3,806
-0.5%
BSE AUTO
5,366
5,515
2.8%
BSE PSU
8,341
8,673
4.0%
BSE MIDCAP
7,486
7,529
0.6%
BSE FMCG
2,107
2,142
1.7%
BSE BANKEX
9,225
9,311
0.9%
BSE METAL
14,122
14,841
5.1%
Now let us have a look at some of the key stock/sector specific developments during the week:
Software major, Infosys announced its 2QFY08 results today. The topline grew by 9% QoQ on the back of 1.9% QoQ growth in blended billing rates and 7.6% QoQ growth in volumes. The operating margins expanded by 2.6% QoQ, aided by higher utilisation. Other income dropped sharply due to change in hedging policy in the previous quarter. Higher taxes, largely due to MAT, restricted the PAT growth to 2% QoQ for the quarter. While 48 new clients were added during the quarter, attrition rose to over 14%. Software stocks closed weak with I-flex (down 5%) and Infosys (down 3%) leading the pack of losers.
The government has announced a slew of measures to help the sugar industry. Subsidised loans would be given to sugar mills to help them clear dues of farmers and making mandatory the blending of 5% ethanol in petrol with immediate effect across the country, barring the North East, Jammu and Kashmir and the island territories. It has also allowed sugar factories to produce ethanol directly from sugarcane juice to augment its availability and reduce the oversupply of sugar. Further, 10% blending has been made optional from this year, but this would become mandatory from next October. A uniform nationwide purchase price of Rs 21.5 per litre (ex-factory) for supply of ethanol for the next three years was also decided at a meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs. The CCEA has also extended export subsidy by one more year from April 19, 2008 to April 18, 2009, to target an additional export of 3 million tonnes of sugar. The Indian sugar industry is facing its worst crisis, due to higher supply of sugar. Most companies have incurred losses in the last two quarters. The decision would bring some relief to the industry. Sugar stocks closed in the red with Balrampur Chini (down 3%) and Bajaj Hindusthan (down 2%) leading the pack of losers.
Top gainers during the week (BSE A)
Company
Price on October 5 (Rs)
Price on October 12 (Rs)
% Change
52-WeekH/L (Rs)
BSE SENSEX
17,773
18,419
3.6%
18,845 / 12,315
S&P CNX NIFTY
5,186
5,428
4.7%
5,549 / 3,546
IGATE GLOBAL
241
374
55.3%
432 / 208
GMDC
1,262
1,851
46.7%
1,851 / 333
VSNL
451
526
16.6%
559 / 342
BOI
275
312
13.5%
324 / 132
RELIANCE ENERGY
1,447
1,636
13.1%
1726 / 448
Pharma stocks closed mixed for the week with Nicholas Piramal (up 6%) and Glenmark Pharma (up 5%) leading the pack of gainers, while Dr. Reddy’s (down 6%), Novartis and Aurobindo (each down 5%) were out of favour. As per a leading business daily, pharma majors Aurobindo, Cadila and Lupin are set to hive off their R&D units to reduce cost pressures and improve valuations of their other businesses. As a matter of fact, R&D is heavy on costs. Domestic pharma companies find it prudent to de-merge R&D into a separate unit to reduce the cost burden of other businesses. This, in turn, improves the valuation of the other businesses. The practice is, however, confined to the Indian space where R&D is not really the core activity. Global companies such as Pfizer or Merck have not adopted such a model because their core business activity is R&D. Such companies are instead divesting their manufacturing units or entering into contract manufacturing tie ups in low-cost locations such as India and South Africa. Big companies like Nicholas Piramal and Sun Pharma have already hived off their R&D units into separate businesses.
Top losers during the week (BSE A)
Company
Price onOctober 5 (Rs)
Price onOctober 12 (Rs)
% Change
52-Week H/L (Rs)
FACT
28
24
-11.8%
30 / 19
IOC
503
454
-9.9%
585 / 370
CHAMBAL FERT
56
51
-9.6%
63 / 30
NATIONAL FERT
50
46
-8.9%
53 / 26
MRPL
68
62
-8.5%
83 / 32
FIIs continued their obsession with emerging markets. As expected, markets during the week were primarily driven by the liquidity factor as the FIIs went on a buying binge, counting on a further appreciation in the rupee vis-à-vis dollar. Though investors might find this as a reason to cheer, they need to be cautioned about the short-term nature of this ‘hot’ money. With valuations taking a backseat in this mad rush of capital inflow, we advise investors to concentrate on the fundamental aspect and not get carried away by the one-way movements in the indices. The fundamentals will get manifested in the upcoming results season.
The current markets remind us of Warren Buffett’s remark that bull markets make the investors think “I can’t miss the party”. While the India story has roots in strong fundamentals, the valuations are running ahead of themselves on the back of overenthusiastic FII money. We urge you dear investor to be fearful when others are greedy. No stock is good at “any” price. Stock prices sooner or later revert to intrinsic value of the underlying business and the current upward run in prices contain a fair amount of euphoria in addition to business value. And, euphoria never lasts forever! Happy investing.
Follow the rules! MYSTOCKS FREE NEWSLETTER
The Indian stock market made historic moves this week, breaking the old records and making some new ones. The Sensex hit the 18,000 mark. Not only the blue chips but also the small caps have been scaling higher. However, one should not get carried away by the hype. Investment Guru, Warren Buffet has suggested some rules before making an investment. These rules fall into 4 groups, which are as follows:
Business Rules: This includes the basic characteristics of the business itself. The business tenets focus on understanding how the business operates.
The first rule to be followed before buying a stock is never to invest in a business you cannot understand. This means that time needs to be spent on understanding the business. One can make short-term gains through stock tips, but in the long run, this will not help. "Poker players are not gamblers". The good players win on their skill, temperament, and intimate knowledge of the game and do not rely on luck to win the game.
The firm should also have a stable operating history. One should know whether the company has stood the test of time. The company, which has experienced different economic cycles and competition and has survived, is a safe bet. A company can have lower profit periods and still have a consistent operating history. These low profit periods can provide a good opportunity to purchase a good business at a low price. Further, knowing the long-term prospects of the business is also necessary. Technological aspects, competition, government rules, bargaining power, raw material supplies should be considered before making an investment.
Hence, in order to achieve this high level of competency, it is necessary to limit the scope of investigation and investment to a small number of companies. This necessitates a focused portfolio instead of a diversified one.
Management Rules: This refers to the quality of management. It is essential to have a strong management as the fate of the ship i.e. whether it would float or sink would depend on their competence. The management of the company should be high on corporate governance and ethics. The decisions taken by the management should be in the best interest of the shareholders. Inspite of the happenings in the economy or the market, a company with a strong management that knows how to make money, can make money, and will keep making money.
Financial Rules: This refers to the various financial parameters that should be considered for evaluating a stock.
Profit margins: According to Warren Buffet, the companies, which are able to earn higher margins along with high volumes, are a better bet. Falling volumes may indicate higher competition or the fact that the company has responded late to market changes. Further care should also be taken on the leverage factor. Higher interest costs reduce the margins.
ROE: Mr. Buffet considers return on equity (ROE) as a better measure of annual performance as it takes into consideration the company's capital base. By looking at ROE, one is able to determine how efficient the company is at using both shareholder's capital and debt to produce income. He uses the modified version of what he called owner earnings. This is the cash flow available to shareholders, or the free cash flow to equity. It is defined as net income plus depreciation and amortization (i.e. adding back non-cash charges) minus capital expenditures minus additional working capital needs. This indicates the company's ability to generate cash for shareholders.
One-dollar premise is also an important measure. Buffet's goal is to select companies in which each rupee of retained earning is translated into at least one rupee of market value. If retained earnings are invested in the company and produce above average return, there would be a rise in the company's market value. It is far better to buy a wonderful company at a fair price than a fair company at a wonderful price. Buying a stock on basis of the price that is well below its book value; but without considering its margin, return-on-equity, owner earnings and profitability history may prove to be a bad choice.
Market rules: This is from the market perspective.
Value of a business: Buffet's rule is to purchase the business only when its price is at a significant discount to its value. The value of the business is determined by the estimated cash flows expected to occur over the life of the business discounted at an appropriate interest rate. Use of conservative estimates of earnings and the riskless rate, as the discount rate is always a safe bet. Though calculating the value of the business is not difficult, estimating the cash flows may create problems. Hence selecting businesses, which are simple to understand and stable would help. Further, having margin of safety would minimize risks.
One should stop trying to predict the direction of the stock market. Mr. Market is unpredictable and moody. If shares of good businesses are owned, market action on a day-to-day basis becomes inconsequential. What matters is the big picture trend of the company's operations, management and culture.
Markets: Of liquidity, and madness MYSTOCKS FREE NEWSLETTER
You should have seen the smile on the anchor's face on a leading business news channel when the BSE Sensex crossed the 18,000 mark yesterday. People who looked the grimmest when the markets crashed recently were found screaming that the "great Indian bull market remains alive and kicking" and that "there is no looking back now" and were raising the toast to FIIs who bring in all those P-Note funds, the origin of which we are not sure of! People who believed that what happened in Delhi's power corridors impacted sentiment on Mumbai's Dalal Street claimed that the "markets have divorced from political uncertainty to a large extent."
So, are we going to 20,000 next on the Sensex, the figure that is mathematically less than 10% away? Considering the madness and liquidity, maybe! Considering the rush to buy those top 5-6 stocks that have contributed to nearly 60% of the latest rally, maybe! Considering that the US Federal Reserve might be lenient enough to cut interest rates further and thus lower the cost of borrowings for making emerging market investments, maybe!
Stock market history suggests that the actions of those who control the vast bulk of investments (institutional investors) guide the overall belief of where the markets are headed in the future - up or down. You do not know what they are up to. Neither do you know what Mr. Market has under his sleeves. In that case, the only choice we have is to guard ourselves if 'all hell were to break loose'! And the mantra is - Whatever Mr. Market does today, we need not follow suit.
Coming back to the current times, with the September quarter result season already underway, expectations have built up for them to be 'good' considering that there have been no real hiccups in economic growth numbers in the recent past and that the advance tax numbers have been pretty decent. The 'expectations' game will continue to lead the way stocks behave in the short to medium term.
What you, as an investor, can do is take this market volatility as a way to build a long-term portfolio of solid companies with credible managements. Try not following a herd mentality into buying anything that others are 'relying' on. Rather make your choice by way of doing your own groundwork, follow the same with conviction and discipline, and leave aside greed and fear. There is probably no other way of generating wealth from stock market investing. In the meanwhile, we shall continue to wonder if we are getting too arrogant about the sustainability of the 'India story'!
The rise & rise of Sensex: Journey from 7000 to 19000!
We bring to you the ET coverage on the milestones that the Sensex crossed, right from the day it touched the 7000 mark in 2005, till date. October 15, 2007
Amidst heavy buying by investors, the bull roared to breach the 19000 mark.
October 09, 2007
TERRIFIC TEENS: BSE MARKET CAP ZOOMS TO $1.4 TRILLION
At 18, you can blame it on the raging libido. Boys may have to make way for men as Sensex hits a record high of 18,280 on the back of eye-popping rallies in Reliance & Reliance. From here on, it’s no longer for the faint of heart. At the height of the dotcom mania in 1999-00, the easiest way to maximise returns was to buy into any stock with the suffix ‘Software’ or ‘Technologies’. Eight years on, the same seems to hold true for any stock with the prefix ‘Reliance’, given their baffling run-up over the past one month. As the benchmark logged its highest single-day gains in absolute terms on Tuesday to race past the 18,000-mark, factors like politics, valuations and earnings appear to have become non-issues overnight. The only thing that matters for now is liquidity and there is nothing to suggest the tide could reverse. In less than three weeks since the US Federal Reserve cut rates, FIIs have pumped in a net of $5.4 billion into Indian equities. According to provisional data, foreign funds bought over Rs 1,400 crore worth of shares on Tuesday. The euphoria was not restricted to India. Benchmarks in China, Australia, Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Indonesia and Pakistan hit new peaks. The Morgan Stanley Capital International Asia-Pacific index rose 0.5% to 166.69, and appeared set to close at a new high. Eye-popping rallies in Reliance Industries, Reliance Energy and Reliance Communications lifted the 30-share Sensex to a record high of 18,327.42 intra-day. The index finally settled at 18,280.24, a gain of 788.85 points or 4.5% over the previous close. All three stocks hit new highs and have been the top gainers in the major indices over the past one month. RIL and Reliance Communications have gained around 30% each, while Reliance Energy has risen an astounding 80%. The three stocks have together contributed 42% to the latest 1,000-point rally in the Sensex. Bharti Airtel was the only other stock in the Sensex to touch a new high. In all, 60 stocks on the BSE hit fresh peaks.
The 50-share Nifty hit a peak of 5,348.70, before finishing the day at 5,327.25, up 242.15 points or 4.6% over the previous close. Market capitalisation of the BSE rose 4% to Rs 54.52 lakh crore, while those of the Mukesh Ambani group and Anil Ambani group stood at Rs 4.37 lakh crore and Rs 2.38 lakh crore respectively. “The pace of the rally has clearly taken everybody by surprise, and it is tough to take a call as the rise has been led by a handful of stocks,” says A Balasubramanian, CIO of Birla Sunlife Mutual Fund.
POLL THEATRICS Political developments have not dampened spirits on hopes the growth story will continue irrespective of the govt in power MONEY BAGS The market boom has made the Ambani brothers arguably the richest in the world with the clubbed fortune totalling $170b STORY IN NUMBERS Companies may report a 15-17% growth for the quarter. Capital goods, cement and telcos are expected to lead the story
Midcaps fail to keep pace with Sensex “There is too much money pouring in, and investors are chasing stocks which are showing high growth momentum right now. One can debate about valuations; nothing has really changed over the past one month,” he says, adding there were likely to be very few earnings surprises for the latest quarters. Second line shares were overlooked in favour of their frontline counterparts, with the BSE Midcap and BSE Smallcap indices rising 2.6% and 2% respectively. Investors in mid cap and small cap shares have not really benefited from the recent rally, point out market watchers. This could also be explained by the fact that the BSE Midcap and BSE Smallcap have risen 7% and 6% respectively over the last one month, compared with a 14% rise in the Sensex. Back home, there was high drama before the Sensex finally managed to cross the coveted 18,000-mark, as the index had come tantalisingly close to that level and then retreated by about 50-odd points. This happened a few times and one thought bears would be able to halt the marauding bulls at the doorstep of the psychological mark, as they had done twice last week. But once the index crossed 18,000, there was frantic short covering, which then powered the rally further. Real estate shares were the star performers of the day, with the BSE Realty Index climbing over 5%.With the exception of Wipro, which rose around 4% on talk of an earnings surprise, there was little excitement in the IT sector. Bellwether Infosys Technologies will be announcing its quarterly numbers on Thursday. “Given the current economic uncertainty (in the US), we believe it is unrealistic to expect Infy/Satyam to tweak up annual USD (US dollar) revenue guidance by more than 1-3%,” a Merrill Lynch preview note on the sector said. “Over 2% INR (Indian rupee)/USD appreciation since last quarter poses a risk to EPS. We see limited downside on beaten down valuations, but see a few triggers,” the note added. Traded turnover on both exchanges combined was around Rs 1.08 trillion.
September 26, 2007
THIS ONE’S LIKE YUVI’S SIXES
IT’S THE FASTEST 1000 The frenzy of the VICTORY march of DHONI’S DEVILS in Mumbai spilled over to the Street as the SENSEX kissed 17k
The festive spirit did not end with the immersion of Ganapati. On Wednesday, it boiled over to the streets of Mumbai and its financial district. A few hours after Dhoni's Devils stepped out of Sahar Airport, the Sensex touched the magical 17,000 number. It took Dalal Street just 5 days to travel 1,000 points—its fastest rally ever. And just as jubilant spectators cheer every scoring stroke, investors latched onto whatever good news came their way. Sceptics may call it an excuse to push the index to a new high ahead of Thursday's derivatives expiry, but they were in a minority. Suddenly, tech stocks, which were the whipping boys till Tuesday, became hot favourites. Why? Hopes that the rupee will soften as a result of RBI's latest announcements to allow more outflow sparked a rally in tech stocks, pushing the Sensex to a new high of 17,073.87 during the day. At the end of the day, RBI's measures may not be enough to rein in the rupee. But there were no takers for this. The bellwether index finally settled at 16,921.39. THE SENSEX WAS UP 21.85 POINTS OVER THE PREVIOUS CLOSE . Dealers attributed the volatility mainly to squaring up of positions in the derivative segment, ahead of the expiry of contracts on Thursday. The Nifty hit a new peak of 4,980.85, before ending the day at 4,940.50, up 1.65 points over the previous close. Market watchers say a correction is long overdue. But one reason why the market could still be rising is that renewed foreign fund flows are prompting many domestic investors to defer their decision to book profits.
Infosys, Satyam, TCS and Wipro were the flag-bearers of the IT sector, climbing 3-5%. But for the rally in key technology shares, the main indices would have closed in the negative, as index heavyweight Reliance Industries fell by over 3%, after an inexplicable surge over the last few weeks. Will the tech party go on? Wednesday’s rise is mainly attributed to short covering of positions in software stocks. The rupee closed a tad higher at 39.70. "We expect RBI to take a middle road approach: allowing some rupee appreciation but managing its pace, continuing to mop up liquidity and further encouraging capital outflows," said a Lehman Brothers note to clients.
July 6, 2007 GOING ON SIXTEEN
Two years ago when the Sensex touched 8,000 for the first time, Sebi whole-time member Madhukar had made an innocuous remark about the index touching 16,000. You said it: The comment drew widespread censure and ridicule.Censure because it is inappropriate for a regulator to crystal gaze the market and ridicule because 16,000 seemed an improbable level for the index anytime in the near future. In fact, the doomsayers (not ET) didn’t give it a chance-10,000 seemed realistic, but nobody quite imagined the Sensex vaulting to 15,000 in just two years. As the BSE benchmark crossed yet another historic mark on Friday, nothing seems impossible-20,000 and 25,000 levels roll off the tongue even before you can say Peter Lynch. Nobody who’s anybody in the market thinks of these as impossible milestones-the only question is how soon. The 30-share index on Friday hit an all-time high of 15,007 after starting the day on a weak note. It ended the day at 14,964, its highest closing level, and a gain of 102 points or 0.7% higher than the previous close. The 50-share Nifty ended at a new closing high of 4384.85, up 30.9 points over the previous close, after having peaked at 4,411 for the day. “It is different this time” is the usual refrain one hears during every bull run, which rarely is the case. But what sets the current bull run apart from the previous ones-other than the duration-is that a wider section of players have been sceptical of the rally. The lack of breadth in the market since May 2006 signals the lack of conviction among market participants. Still, the bulls have managed to surmount barriers like high valuations, rising interest rates and tightening liquidity. So far, the shareholders of blue chips never had it so good-nor did the promoters for that matter. Reliance Industries (RIL) topped the list with a market cap of $58.8 billion, followed by ONGC and Bharti Airtel with $46.5 billion and $40 billion (try converting that into crores!). NTPC, Reliance Communications, Infosys Technologies, TCS, DLF and ICICI Bank are few other top-rung companies which find place in the Hall of Fame. Of these, DLF and ICICI Bank recently completed their mega IPOs which received decent response from investors. Here’s a note of caution for the small investor looking to make a quick buck: there are indications that the bulls may be on a rampage again, but running out of breath this time. The Sensex took 146 sessions to cover the 1,000 point distance from 14,000 till 15,000. This is the highest since the index took 371 trading sessions to move up from 6,000 to 7,000. The market has adjusted to the steady rise in outstanding positions in the derivatives segment over the last few months. But brokers caution that the huge leveraged positions worth around Rs 60,000-65,000 crore has the potential to send the market into a tailspin. Fortune favours the brave-and to those who have the stomach to hang in there, not the brains to simply rake it in. For the time being, market players are not speculating as much on the upside from current levels. Everybody’s wondering when the correction, if at all, may set in.
Global factors hold key HDFC Bank country head, equities and private banking, Abhay Aima sums it up well: “At these peak levels, a pessimist would term the market overvalued while an optimist would at the best call it fairly valued. Results are around the corner. With interest rates at their peak and rupee rising so quickly, companies are likely to throw up different numbers than what we saw over the past few quarters. Let the market absorb these changes for a few days. Investors can wait for a 10 to 15 days before taking a call on their investments. Sound advise, if you ask us. The future’s not ours to see, as Doris Day sang in Que Sera Sera, but marketmen feel that global factors, rather than local, hold the key in the next few weeks. As the market heads into the quarterly earnings season, the mood appears to be cautious. “Upside of the Sensex remains capped due to expensive valuations and further interest rate rises,” brokerage house Merrill Lynch said in a note to its clients earlier this week. “A rising crude oil price could weigh on India’s ability to finance its current account deficit, particularly in light of an additional slowdown in global liquidity growth. FY08 (estimated) earning per share growth is set to slow further we approach a peak in commodity prices,” the note added. Another global investment powerhouse Morgan Stanley has estimated the fair value of the Sensex at 12,067, and is cautious on midcap stocks though these have been the drivers of the rally in the last couple of months. “We think smaller companies could suffer from negative operating leverage in the coming months as growth slows and, since the stocks of these companies trade on par with those of large companies, we continue to prefer stocks up the cap curve and remain very selective about midcaps. We are underweight cyclicals and (interest) rate sensitives, and overweight healthcare, energy, consumer staples, utilities and telecom,” the Morgan Stanley note to clients said. Listen to India Infoline CMD Nirmal Jain: “15,000 is just a high psychological mark. While the market looks good, it is accident-prone too. One should now invest for longer term and in liquid stocks. Stay away from sectors like technology, FMCG and pharma. On the other hand, sectors like power equipment, construction and capital goods look attractive. One can also place a contrarian bet on cement.” For the moment, take a deep breath and reflect on what you’ve made and where you’ve lost in the recent bull run. Enjoy your weekend, stay tuned to ET and Investor’s Guide and always remember: Greed ain’t good.
Dec 5, 2006: Sensex touched 14,000 mark The benchmark 30-share sensex briefly crossed the psychological 14,000-mark on Tuesday, while the 50-share Nifty continued to hold above the 4000-mark. But for most investors who have held on to their investments through the market meltdown in May and June, the returns may not be significant unless they happened to be in an 'elite' set of stocks that have performed over the last seven months, report Gaurie Mishra & Santosh Nair from New Delhi.
Here are some cold statistics. Of the 50 Nifty stocks, only 19 have given returns of 10% and above since May 11, 2006 (when the market had first peaked), while investors in 24 stocks have lost anywhere between 1% and 34%. Among the 50 stocks in the Nifty Junior index, investors lost between 1% and 40% in 26 while only 15 returned 10% or more. The situation gets worse as one moves into mid-cap and small-cap horizon. Of the 270 stocks in BSE Mid-Cap index, 68 - one-fourth the stocks in the index - have given 10% or more returns while on 164 stocks, investors lost between 1% and 64%. Investors have been hardest hit in the small-cap segment. Of the 484 stocks in BSE Small-Cap Index, only 80 have risen over 10% while 352 have fallen between 1% and 78%. "Mid- and small-caps are the stocks where most retail investors flock and they are yet to recover. This also explains why there is no euphoria over the landmark as retail investors have not participated in the rally," said ValueResearch CEO Dhirendra Kumar. Response of domestic MFs guarded While foreign institutional investors have been aggressive buying stocks over the past few months, the response of domestic mutual funds has been guarded. In the last two months alone, FIIs bought net stocks worth Rs 17,001 crore while local mutual funds have pumped in a net Rs 638.07 crore. “FIIs have been the biggest driver in strengthening the market. FII inflows have been around $8.5 billion YTD, which is an encouraging figure. Their participation has been far higher than the local participation. The only regret in the current market is that the local investors kept selling the equities and did not participate in the upturn,” said Nilesh Shah, CIO, Prudential ICICI Mutual Fund. Since fund houses offer a portfolio of schemes that tap various segments of the market and with most of the rally being concentrated on a few blue-chip stocks, the recent rally has brought little cheer. “The rally has been concentrated on a select few large-caps and therefore it depends a lot on stock selection,” said UTI CIO AK Sridhar. Worries about redemption pressures are also beginning to hit fund houses, which have increased their liquidity positions. “With Sensex touching such highs, there will be some redemption coming up, and to ease that, we have raised our liquidity position from 4-6% to 8-10%,” added Mr Sridhar.
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Oct 30, 2006: Sensex touched 13K Who said it’s an unlucky number?
A sense of having been left out, rather than of euphoria, is what one gets on the street as the 30-share Sensex crossed yet another milestone - the psychological 13,000-mark - on Monday. On paper, the index has rallied 47% from its low in June this year. But most brokers will tell you that barring a handful of foreign fund houses and some prominent traders, few investors have been able to capitalise on the rebound, which has been led by a handful of frontline stocks. Benchmark stock indices vaulted to new highs on Monday, driven by a heady cocktail of strong corporate earnings, a rapidly growing economy and relatively stable crude oil prices. The Sensex ended at its highest closing level of 13024.26, a gain of 117.45 points or 0.9%. The 50-share Nifty hit a new high of 3776.05, eclipsing the previous record of 3774.15 touched on May 11. It finally settled at 3769.10. Marauding bulls defied the weak trend globally, which was sparked off by weak US GDP growth figure, pointing to a slowdown. Back home, the mood is upbeat even as some expect that the RBI may raise interest rates by 25 basis points in its mid-term credit policy on Tuesday. Market watchers said sentiment could be affected only if the hike is more than 25 basis points, which is unlikely. Higher interest rates drive up borrowing costs for corporates as well as the retail consumer, who could then cut back on their investments and spending, in turn causing a slack in domestic demand. Even as the major indices are moving into newer orbits, the market is sorely lacking in breadth. On Monday also, 1,406 stocks ended lower, compared with 1,133 gainers. The BSE Mid cap index closed at 5,422.63, up 0.49%, while the BSE Small Cap index shed 0.6% to close at 6,483.80. These indices - an indicator of retail interest in the market - are still 11% and 18% away from their alltime highs touched in May. Among frontline shares too, it is a handful of stocks that have made money for investors over the last five and a half months. In the Nifty, 27 out of 50 stocks, including heavyweights like HLL and ONGC, have delivered negative returns since mid-May. Market capitalisation on the BSE inched up to Rs 33.80 lakh crore from Rs 33.60 lakh crore on Friday. But it is still lower than Rs 34.35 lakh crore achieved on May 11. But not everyone is worried. “India is a bottom up story now, the companies that are performing are being rewarded by investors,” said S Mukherjee, CEO and MD, ICICI Securities. On the lack of breadth in the market, Mr Mukherjee said, “The fact that only selective stocks are doing well shows the maturity of the market. I would have been worried if each and every stock were rising.” Some other players are sceptical of the market sustaining at these levels. Including provisional figures for Monday, foreign funds have net pumped in around Rs 29,000 crore since the beginning of ‘06, of which around Rs 7,000 crore has come in October alone. Merrill Lynch expects the Sensex to slip to 11500 by December ‘07.
April 20, 2006: Sensex touches the 12K mark M-cap equals GDP level at 32,00,000 cr
India Inc may be tearing its hair out over quotas and oil prices may have breached the $74 mark, but Indian markets continue to defy gravity. In the current week, a clutch of better-than-expected results has further boosted the animal spirits. In what is rapidly becoming a routine affair, the 131-year-old BSE on Thursday crossed yet another milestone - the fastest so far -when it breached the 12,000-point mark, backed by strong corporate earnings, higher liquidity and robust economic growth. Sensex leapfrogged from 11,000 to 12,000 points in just 16 trading sessions, to end 1.2% up at 12,039.55. The number of trading sessions are based on the closing value of the index. Sensex had earlier taken 29 sessions to travel from 10,000 to 11,000 points. NSE Nifty also surged 1% to end at 3,573.50 points. The reasons are not hard to find, say market participants. “The index has been driven by the strong flow of liquidity,” said Rahul Rege, senior VP at Mumbai-based brokerage SSKI. “Earlier, it was based on the expectations that (corporate) results would be great...and by the first few that we’ve seen, companies are more than matching those expectations,” he added. Although, Sensex has been beaten to the 12,000 mark by various global indices, the time it took to breach this milestone has been one of the fastest. Traders point to the fact that foreign investors, buoyed by a booming economy, have chosen India as one of their top investment destinations.
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March 21, 2006: 11K: Ride the bullet train There is increasingly an overwhelming aura of inevitability about the onward march of the Indian bourses. Sensex these days breaks records with the same casual nonchalance with which Michael Schumacher used to win races. Sensex’s surge on Monday and part of Tuesday may have been prompted by PM Manmohan Singh’s announcements on capital account convertibility. On Saturday, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh hinted at moving toward a free float of the rupee and on Tuesday, the BSE responded by crossing the 11,000 mark in a lifetime intraday high. The new trading high was reached 29 days after Sensex entered the elite 10,000 club on February 6. Only Nikkei, Hang Seng and Dow Jones can boast of being above 10,000.
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Since full convertibility is expected to attract more foreign money and also allow local companies to tap foreign debt markets more easily, it is evident that the move will encourage investors and boost the confidence of the markets. At present, India’s overseas corporate borrowing for the current fiscal year is limited to $15 billion with foreigners restricted from holding more than $1.5 billion in debt and $2 billion in central government bonds. They also cannot own more than 5% in a bank without prior permission from RBI. On Monday, RBI said it was constituting a panel to thrash out the contours for full convertibility. Although the index later ended lower with investors wanting to book gains, participants said it was evident the markets had sent out a message - that the growth story of Asia’s third largest economy is intact and that liquidity flows into the bourses would continue to remain firm. After hitting a high of 11,017.25 points in mid-afternoon trade, Sensex lost 35.91 points to close at 10,905.20, fluctuating 153 points, with most of the volatility coming in the last hour of trading. The rise in share prices was partly attributed to a fall in oil price. The US April crude oil prices plunged 3.7% or $2.35, to settle at $60.42 a barrel, on the New York Mercantile Exchange due to ample US inventories. “It’s (the rise) is a reflection that the underlying strength of the economy will sustain the current momentum (in equities),” said Prudential ICICI MD Pankaj Razdan. “The liquidity looks good and there are various sectors that mutual funds would be interested in, such as cement, IT and auto.” Foreign portfolio investors have invested $1.01 billion in March alone, and $3.5 billion in 2006, compared with $10.7 billion in calendar 2005. India received $4.34 billion in foreign direct investment between last April and January 2006 with government ministers putting the figure at $10 billion for the fiscal year that ends on March 31 2006.
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Feb 7 th 2006: Sensex crosses the 10K barrier Global investment guru Marc Faber was at Dalal Street today, interacting with the market fraternity on prospects of the Indian stock market. His word of caution, however, could not dampen the spirits, as investors continued to celebrate, lifting the sensex to close above the 10K mark for the first time in history.
According to brokers, mood remained bullish on the back of strong FII inflows and robust data. The government, today, forecast a GDP growth of 8.1% in current year, with manufacturing and the agriculture sectors estimated to grow at 9.4% and 2.3% respectively. Brokers say there will see be short term momentum with fund flows expected to continue in the next few days. Brokers, however, are cautious over the sharp uptrend in the market, which, they fear will drive valuations to expensive levels. They also said yesterday’s 238-point rally was contrary to expectations as it came despite negative news flow about a fresh tussle between Ambani brothers over transfer of ownership of the four companies demerged from erstwhile RIL. Dec 10, 2005: Closes at 9K Dalal Street celebrated Sonia Gandhi’s birthday with a bang. After coming close many times and breaching it once intraday, the sensex on today finally closed above the 9,000-mark, led mainly by a general enthusiasm after a court approval to Reliance Industries’ de-merger proposal.
While market players traded theories on reasons for the sensex’s rise, most of them credited it to the Bombay High Court approval for the Reliance demerger. “Although the market opened strong, news of the demerger approval led the sensex to rise sharply,” said Pioneer Intermediaries’ Sandip Shenoy. “After that it was all-round buying that boosted the market to beyond the 9,000 mark. I am of the view that there is an underlying bullish trend and this will sustain,” he added. The delay in approving the demerger had in fact led the market to fall last week. Although Reliance shareholders had already cleared the demerger plan, objection by one shareholder. Ahmedabad-based chartered accountant Kalpesh Bharatkumar Mankad contended that the demerger was a family arrangement rather than a business separation. Under the demerger plan, Mukesh Ambani would be responsible for Reliance Industries and IPCL, while sibling Anil Ambani would look after Reliance Energy, Reliance Infocomm and Reliance Capital. The news led the 30-share sensex to rise 161 points or 1.8% to end at a lifetime high of 9,067.28 points. It hit a high of 9,080.76. the Nifty index spurted 50 points to close at 2,756.45. “The index has crossed the threshold level of 9,000 and while the trend remains bullish, we’ll have to watch closely the global liquidity and the emerging markets positions,” said IL&FS Investsmart research head R Sreesankar. Indian equities market has seen an unprecedented bull run in the past one year, mainly due to a surge in foreign portfolio investment which has so far totalled $8.91 billion, compared to $8.4 billion in the last year. The Reliance group companies were in the forefront, with Reliance Industries rising 2.1% to Rs 863.85.
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Sept 8, 2005: Mt Everest 8848; Sensex 8053 What’s gravity? Dunno. What’s vertigo? Don’t care. Bulls, did you say? More like mountain goats. We’re running out of historic metaphors, but the sensex just doesn’t seem to notice that it’s doing a death-defying trapeze act. Call it the day of the Indian tiger, if you will. Vaulting over hurricanes, skipping on boiling oil, the BSE benchmark index triumphantly waved to the world from top of the global skyline at 8,000.
The sensex vaulted past the 8,000 mark today as local and foreign investors pinned hopes on India Inc’s strong growth prospects and shrugged off concerns about surging crude oil and the global economic uncertainty wrought by Hurricane Katrina. The benchmark index, Asia’s secondbest performer so far in 2005, soared 105 points to 8,052.56 in the course of its history-making performance and capped a year of spectacular successes for the 19-year-old index. The NSE’s Nifty rose 1.06% to a new high of 2,454.45 led by BPCL, Bajaj Auto and HDFC. In July last year, the sensex had just limped past 5,000 still smarting from the battering it received on May 17 after the general election. Investor confidence was low and dark whispers about the Left parties’ influence on economic reforms kept the bulls at bay and the bears all charged up.
But in a series of stunning rallies that has confounded ordinary investors and pundits alike, the sensex added nearly 3,000 points since then with the last 1,000 points coming in just 55 days, the third fastest 1,000 point gain in its history. “The fact that the sensex has reached 8,000 shows the economy’s strong fundamentals. The key is to ensure that this is sustainable and the reform process continues on track,” said Kumar Mangalam Birla, chairman, Aditya Birla group. Investor wealth today soared to Rs 21,77,216 crore, up Rs 3,68,083 crore since June when the sensex crossed 7,000. “We are in a long bull phase and could see the market moving higher. The fact is India is getting re-rated and is becoming an important part of the emerging markets portfolio,” says Hemendra Kothari, chairman of DSP Merrill Lynch. "I personally feel that results for most corporates will be excellent this quarter. The PEs are not exceptionally high compared to other Asian markets. While there is no need for concern, one has to be careful about mid-cap stocks which can't be sold easily. Otherwise, I don't see any downside," adds HDFC chairman Deepak Parekh. The biggest drivers of the rally include Reliance Industries, which ended 1.29% up at Rs 738.45 on Thursday. It touched a 52-week high of Rs 760 on August 3.
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Bears rule the world RIL contributed about 113.62 points to the rally. ICICI Bank chipped in with 105.86 points followed by Bharti Tele-Ventures with 99.07 points. While ICICI rose 3.7% to Rs 505.95 on Thursday, Bharti climbed 1.62% to Rs 330. The sensex has climbed 52% since September last year. It has risen 20.56% beating the MSCI emerging markets index’s gain of about 11.8%. A look at the performance of leading indices around the world in the same period put things in perspective. China’s stock markets have fallen about 8.1% in local currency terms in 2005 so far, according to figures available with The Economist. Egypt has climbed 72%, South Korea has risen 20.9% while Taiwan has fallen 1.7%. Among developed markets, the UK’s FTSE has risen 10.0%, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) has fallen 2.8%, while the S&P 500 has eked out a 0.7% gain. The World MSCI index has risen by about 2.2% since January this year. Surging foreign fund flows have been a major driver of sentiment. FIIs pumped in more than Rs 12,000 crore in July and August and their total investment so far this year is about Rs 34,091 crore or about $7.8 bn. The total inflow into equities for the whole of 2004 was about $8.5 bn. Experts say that number would be surpassed and the inflows could rise to about $10 by the end of this year.
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Again, a comparison can put things in perspective. Taiwan has so far received about $12 bn, Indonesia has got about $4bn, while South Korea has received about $4 bn. India’s booming economy, rapid industrial growth and robust corporate earnings means that offshore funds looking for growth and capital appreciation make a beeline to the country. For instance, the number of FIIs registering to do business in the country has risen to 764 at the end of August from 685 at the end of 2004/05. The economy is slated to grow 6-7% in 2005/06 after rising 6.9% in 2004/05 and 8.5% in 2003/04. This would still make India one of the fastest growing economies of the world. Industrial production for June 2005 rose 11.7% the second highest in emerging markets behind China’s 16.1%. Not everybody who’s anybody in the market is so sanguine. Rampant crude prices remain a concern especially as experts fear India along with other Asian markets could be more vulnerable because oil usage intensity is very high.
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June 21, 2005: D-Street Volley Clears 7k Bar The sensex soared past the 7,000 mark today defying widespread expectations of a downside, as gains by big cap companies, such as ONGC and HLL, boosted sentiment and Reliance Industries continued to shine. Propelled by strong inflows from new FIIs, who placed orders for a basket of frontline shares, the sensex rose 1.3% to close at a record 7,077 after rising as high as 7,084.
If yesterday was the day of the Reliance Group on bourses, today belonged to large caps - Reliance Industries, ONGC, Gujarat Ambuja, Infosys Technologies, Hindustan Lever, Maruti Udyog and ICICI Bank among others. The trading volume was brisk at 223 million shares but the market breadth stayed negative as losers at 1,359 edged out gainers at 1,137. A pointer to things ahead perhaps. The NSE Nifty rose 1.2% to 2,170. The CNX Midcap 200 index rose 0.3%. It has underperformed the frontline indices for a week now. The Nifty June futures closed at Rs 2,148, a 22 point discount to the underlying index. The gap was 25 points yesterday. This means that a few players cut their short positions in the futures market after booking profits in the cash market. Market players say that despite rising oil prices to around $60 per barrel, and a scanty monsoon so far, there is no fear of a dramatic fall on the Street. “There is caution but very little fear,” a CEO at a leading institutional brokerage said. The confidence on the Street is largely driven by the set of new investors taking a fresh exposure to India. Prospects of a strong domestic demand growth and consistently high return on equity by leading companies, India is fast emerging as a favoured destination for foreign investors from the US to East Asia. Japanese investors have injected over $1 billion in Indian equities and new India funds by Nomura Asset Management and Nikko Cordial are keeping the order flow on from the East. As if this is not enough, retail investors in Taiwan and South Korea are also subscribing to new India funds in their markets. The Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Treaty with Singapore is expected to bring further new money. The presence of the central bank of Norway, Norges Bank, as an FII is also a key development, according to players.
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